Modern Military Technology









Warships
A warship is a naval ship that is built and primarily intended for naval warfare. As well as being armed, warships are designed to withstand damage and are usually faster and more maneuverable than merchant ships. Unlike a merchant ship, which carries cargo, a warship typically only carries weapons, ammunition and supplies for its crew. Warships usually belong to a navy, though they have also been operated by individuals, cooperatives and corporations. In war, merchant ships are often used as auxiliary warships.
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Types of warships

  • Amphibious assault ship
  • Aviso, a kind of dispatch boat
  • Capital ship, the largest and most important ships in a nation's fleet. These were previously battleships, but are now usually aircraft carriers.
    • Aircraft carrier, a warship primarily armed with Carrier-based aircraft.
    • Battlecruiser, a ship with battleship-level armament and cruiser-level armor; typically faster than a battleship because the reduction in armor allowed mounting of heavier propulsion machinery.
    • Battleship, a large, heavily armoured warship equipped with many powerful guns. A term which generally post-dates sailing warships, battleships are now obsolete.
      • Ironclad battleship, battleships built before the Pre-dreadnought in the 1870s and 1880s
      • Pre-dreadnought battleship, sea-going battleships built to a common design before the launch the Dreadnoughts, between the mid- 1880s and 1905.
      • Dreadnought, an early 20th-century battleship, which set the pattern for all subsequent battleship construction


  • Bireme, an ancient vessel, propelled by two banks of oars.
  • Coastal defence ship, a warship built for the purpose of coastal defence.
  • Commerce raider, any armed vessel—privately or government-owned—sanctioned to raid a nation's merchant fleet.
  • Corvette, originally a small, lightly armed ship ordered by Winston Churchill, prime minister of Great Britain at the start of WW2. Corvette design was based on a commercial whale catcher, its primary attribute being ease of construction as an emergency wartime anti-submarine weapon. Its original engine was a reciprocating steam engine, original armament was one four inch gun, small arms and depth charges. Primary users of the WW2 corvette were the British Royal Navy and the Royal Canadian Navy, although corvettes saw use elsewhere.
  • Cruiser, a fast, independent warship. Traditionally, cruisers were the smallest warships capable of independent action. Along with battleships and battlecruisers, they have largely vanished from modern navies.


  • Destroyer, a fast and highly maneuverable warship, traditionally incapable of independent action. Originally developed to counter the threat of torpedo boats, they are now the largest independent warship generally seen on the ocean.
  • Fast attack craft
  • Fire ship, a vessel of any sort set on fire and sent into an anchorage or fleet with the intention of causing destruction and chaos. Exploding fire ships may be called hellburners.
  • Frigate, a ship used in modern navies (Although they date back to the 17th century) that are typically used to protect merchant vessels and other warships.
  • Galleass, a sailing and rowing warship, equally well suited to sailing and rowing.
  • Galleon, a 16th-century sailing warship.
  • Galley, a warship propelled by oars with a sail for use in favourable winds.
  • Guided missile destroyer
  • Gunboat
  • Helicopter carrier, an aircraft carrier especially suited to helicopters and amphibious assault.
  • Ironclad, a wooden warship with external iron plating.
  • Longship, a Viking raiding ship.
  • Man-of-war, a British Navy expression for a sailing warship.
  • Minesweeper
  • Minehunter
  • Minelayer
  • Missile boat
  • Monitor, a small, heavily gunned warship with shallow draft designed for land bombardment.
  • Naval trawler
  • Naval drifter
  • Offshore patrol vessel
  • Quinquereme, an ancient warship propelled by three banks of oars. On the upper row, two rowers hold one oar; on the middle row, two rowers; and on the lower row, one man to an oar.
  • Ship of the line, a sailing warship capable of standing in the line of battle. A direct predecessor to the later battleship.
  • Sloop
  • Submarine, a ship capable of remaining underwater for extended periods. Submarines in the world wars could stay under for less than a day, but development of nuclear reactors and air-independent propulsion allows submarines to stay submerged for weeks, even months at a time, with food supplies as the only limiting factor.
  • Torpedo boat, a small, fast surface vessel designed for launching torpedoes.
  • Trireme, an ancient warship propelled by three banks of oars.
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Essential Question

Modern military technology is beneficial to American society because we can defend ourselves better as a country using the weapons, warships, and tanks we have. Our military has increased over the last several years, and continues to get better and more advanced.
Although, modern military technology is also detrimental to American society because as the weapons and warships get better and more advanced, they get more expensive. As our military grows and develops, it also causes competition between countries, like the Arms Race with the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

weapons
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The basics of basics are the small arms weapons used by the individual infantryman. Here are the basic small arms used by the United States Army:
external image m16a2rifle.gifM16A2 Rifle. The M16A2 is the standard issue rifle. It's carried by pretty much every soldier in a combat zone. Most people simply call it the M-16. The M-16 has been around in one version or another since the Vietnam war (the first version, the M16A1 entered Army service in 1964). It's longevity is creditable to its usefulness as a general assault weapon. It's quite simply one of the finest military rifles ever made (although advocates of the M-4 Carbine may argue with me). The rifle is lightweight, simple to operate, and puts out a lot of lead.
The M16A2 5.56mm rifle is a lightweight, air-cooled, gas-operated, magazine-fed, shoulder or hip-fired weapon designed for either automatic fire (3-round bursts) or semiautomatic fire (single shot) through the use of a selector lever. The weapon has a fully adjustable rear sight. The bottom of the trigger guard opens to provide access to the trigger while wearing winter mittens. The upper receiver/barrel assembly has a fully adjustable rear sight and a compensator which helps keep the muzzle down during firing. The steel bolt group and barrel extension are designed with locking lugs which lock the bolt group to the barrel extension allowing the rifle to have a lightweight aluminum receiver.
Primary function: Infantry weapon

Manufacturer: Colt Manufacturing and Fabrique Nationale Manufacturing Inc.

Length: 39.63 inches (100.66 centimeters)

Weight, with 30 round magazine: 8.79 pounds (3.99 kilograms)

Bore diameter: 5.56mm (.233 inches)

Maximum effective range:

Area target: 2,624.8 feet (800 meters)

Point target: 1,804.5 feet (550 meters)

Muzzle velocity: 2,800 feet (853 meters) per second

Rate of fire:

Cyclic: 800 rounds per minute

Sustained: 12-15 rounds per minute

Semiautomatic: 45 rounds per minute

Burst: 90 rounds per minute

Magazine capacity: 30 rounds

Unit Replacement Cost: $586
M-4 Carbine
The M-4 combat assault rifle first entered Army service in 1997. The rifle is the standard weapon used by some Army units such as the 82nd Airborne Division and special operations units, such as Army Rangers.
external image m-4-carbine.gifWith a shortened barrel and collapsible stock, the M-4 is ideal for close quarter marksmanship where light weight and quick action are required. Firing a standard 5.56 millimeter round, the weapon weighs a mere 5.6 lbs. (empty). A revised rear sight allows for better control of the weapon out to the maximum range of the ammunition used. With the PAQ-4 (Infrared Sight) mounted on the forward rail system, the M-4 can be fitted for increased firepower.
The M-4 Carbine can also be fitted with the M-203 40mm grenade launcher. The M-203 is a lightweight, compact, breech loading, pump action, single shot launcher. The launcher consists of a hand guard and sight assembly with an adjustable metallic folding, short-range blade sight assembly, and an aluminum receiver assembly which houses the barrel latch, barrel stop and firing mechanism. The launcher is capable of firing a variety of low velocity 40mm ammunition. The launcher also has a quadrant sight that may be attached to the M-4 carrying handle and is used when precision is required out to the maximum effective range of the weapon. The M-4 in this photograph also has an M-68 close-quarters battle sight mounted on the rear rail and a PAQ-4 infra-red sight on the forward rail.
Type: Compact assault rifle

Entered Army Service: 1997

Specifications:

Caliber: 5.56mm

Weight: 5.65 lbs

Range: 500 m

Rate of fire: variable, depending on rate selected
M-24 Sniper Weapon
external image m24sniper.gifThe M24 Sniper's Weapon System (SWS) represents a return to bolt action sniper rifles by the US Army. The rifle entered Army service in 1998. The M24 uses the Remington 700 action, although the receiver has been made for adaptation to take the .300 Winchester Magnum round. The stock (HS Precision) is made of a composite of Kevlar, graphite and fiberglass bound together with epoxy resins, and features aluminum bedding block and adjustable butt plate. A detachable bipod (Harris) can be attached to the stock's fore-end.
The rifle is a bolt-action, six-shot repeating rifle (one round in the chamber and five rounds in the magazine). It is used with either the M3A telescope (day optic sight, usually called the M3A scope, a 10X fixed Leupold M3 Ultra telescope) or the metallic iron sight.This is the sniper weapon used by the Army.
Caliber: 7.62x51mm NATO (.308 win)

Operation: Bolt Action

Feed: 5-Round internal magazine

Weight: 12.1 lb (5.49 kg) empty without telescope

Length: 43in (1092mm)

Sights: 10x42 Leupold Ultra M3A telescope sight (Mil-Dots), plus detachable emergency iron sights. (Redfield Palma International)

Barrel: 24" length, 1 twist in 11.2", 5 lands & grooves.

Stock: HS Precision - adjustable length.

Max Effective Range: 800 meters (875 yards)

Expected Accuracy: 1 MOA with M118 (Ammo is limiting factor)
M40A1 Sniper Rifle
external image m40.gifThis is the preferred sniper rifle for the U.S. Marine Corps. The M40A1 sniper rifle is based on the Remington model 700. It is a heavy barrel, bolt action, magazine fed 7.62mm rifle that is optimized for accuracy with Match Grade ammunition. The rifle is equipped with a special 10 power Unertl sniper scope. With scope, the rifle weighs approximately 14.5 pounds. It is equipped with a built-in five round magazine.
The unique characteristics of the M40A1 Sniper Rifle are: commercial competition-grade heavy barrel, McMillan fiberglass stock and butt pad, modified Winchester Model 70 floor plate and trigger guard, and modified and lightened trigger. In addition, each stock is epoxy bedded for accuracy and all weapons must shoot less than one minute of angle (MOA).
The M40A1 was put into service in the 1970s to meet the need of a long range sniper rifle. Each rifle is hand built by specially trained and qualified personnel at the Marine Corps Marksmanship Training Unit (MTU) at Quantico, Virginia.
Length: 44 inches (111.76 centimeters)

Barrel length: 24 inches (61 centimeters)

Weight: 14.5 pounds (6.58 kilograms)

Bore diameter: 7.62mm (.308 inches)

Maximum effective range: 1000 yards (914 meters)

Muzzle velocity: 2550 feet (777 meters) per second

Chamber pressure: 50,000 psi

Magazine capacity: 5 rounds

Unit Replacement Cost: $2,105

M-249 SAW
external image m249.jpgThe M-249 is unofficially called the Minimi. The official name for the weapon is SAW which means Squad Automatic Weapon. Early test versions of the M-249 were plagued with problems, but the current model is considered reliable. The weapon entered Army service in 1987, replacing the M-60 Machine Gun.
The M-249 is a .223 cal (5.56mm) gas operated light weight machine gun which feeds from a belt held in a 100 or 200 rounds box under the gun. This weapon has a plastic pistol grip and a folding stock so it can be kept compact and light.
The M-249 machine gun is an ideal complementary weapon system for the infantry squad platoon. It is light enough to be carried and operated by one man, and can be fired from the hip in an assault, even when loaded with a 200-round ammunition box. The barrel change facility ensures that it can continue to fire for long periods. The US Army has conducted strenuous trials on the M249, showing that this weapon has a reliability factor that is well above that of most other small arms weapon systems. The weapon is used by the U.S. Army and the U.S. Marine Corps.
Type: Squad automatic weapon

Entered service: 1987

Specifications:

Caliber: 5.56mm

Length:100 cm

Weight:16.3 lbs

Range: 800 meters

Rate of fire: 750 rounds per minute
M-240 Machine Gun
external image m240.jpgThe M-240 entered Army and Marine Corps service in 1997. The M-240 is a version of FN's MAG 58 general-purpose machine gun. The M-240 fires the 7.62mm NATO round and is very reliable, with an estimated 26,000 Mean Rounds Between Failure (MRBF).
Advantages of this weapon include its popularity with other nation's forces and number of configurations. For example, in a helicopter crash, the M-240d helicopter-mount version could be quickly modified by installing the bipod and butt stock of the M-240b version, which would then allow the weapon to be used for self defense by the surviving helicopter crew members.
The M-240 is manufactured in the following configurations: M-240b is designed for infantry use. The "B" version weapon is equipped with a thermal shield over the rear of the barrel to protect the operator. The M-240c version is designed for use internally in M2/M3 Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle. The M-240d is designed for use on pintel mounts in helicopters and on the outside of tanks and armored vehicles. The M-240g version is used by special operations forces. The heat shield on this version is removed and there are special fittings for night sights.
Type: Medium machine gun

Entered service: 1997

Specifications:

Caliber: 7.62mm

Weight: 27.6 lbs

Range: 1,100 m

Rate of fire: 600-9 rounds per minute

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Tanks

http://www.military-today.com/tanks/m1a2_sep.htm

M1A2 SEP
M1A2 SEP
Nr.3 M1A2 SEP (USA)

The M1A2 SEP is a successor to the M1A2 Abrams. This tank has incredible technology and armor. Also it has seen combat. It is one of the most feared MBTs. The M1A2 SEP offers significant protection against all well-known anti-tank weapons. This main battle tank uses advanced armor, reinforced with depleted uranium layers. Its gun and accuracy are slightly inferior to that of the Leopard 2A7. Yet it still packs a formidable punch. Its complex gas turbine engine offers good performance, but requires tremendous amount of maintenance, logistical support and is thirsty on fuel. A number of older M1, M1A1 and M1A2 tanks were upgraded to this standard. The tank can be also fitted with a Tank Urban Survival Kit (TUSK), that improves survivability in urban environment. To date very few Abrams tanks have been destroyed in combat. The M1A2 SEP is in service with United States Army (at least 900). It is planned that this tank will remain in service beyond 2050. The M1A2 SEP has not been exported yet. However the previous M1A2 has been supplied to Kuwait (218) and Saudi Arabia (373).
The tank is armed with the same 120-mm M256 smoothbore gun as its predecessor. Range of effective fire is in excess of 4 km. It can fire the M829A3 APFSDS rounds with depleted uranium penetrator and M1028 canister rounds that discharges massive blast of tungsten fragments at muzzle exit. This round has devastating lethality against assaulting infantry between a range of 200-500 meters. Ammunition for the main gun is stored in the turret bustle, fitted with blow-out panels.
The SEPv2 (version 2) added CROWS or CROWS 2 remotely operated weapon station, armed with a 12.7-mm machine gun. This weapon can be fired from inside of the tank without exposing the crew to enemy fire. Also there are two 7.62-mm machine guns. One of them is mounted coaxially with the main gun. The other is mounted on top of the roof and is operated by the gunner.
The M1A2 SEP has a more advanced fire control system with upgraded ballistic computer. Both the gunner's sight and commander's independent thermal viewer use new 2nd generation FLIR technology and have improved thermal imaging and night vision capabilities. Commander and gunner can designate and track multiple targets simultaneously. This gives the tank a hunter-killer engagement capability.
This tank is fitted with a digital battlefield management system. It allows commanders to track friendly and hostile forces on the battlefield. This system is near real-time based. Locations of friendly vehicles are constantly updated. This system increases vehicle commander's situational awareness.
This tank is operated by a crew of four, including commander, gunner, loader and driver.
Some upgrades were made to the powerpack. This main battle tank is powered by a Honeywell AGT1500 gas turbine engine, developing 1 500 hp. This engine offers good performance. The gas turbine develops more horsepower than a comparable diesel. However it is complex and requires tremendous amount of maintenance, logistical support and is thirsty on fuel. This engine operates primarily on diesel or jet fuel, but during emergencies can also operate on gasoline. A complete power pack can be removed and replaced within 30 minutes. The tank is also fitted with auxiliary power unit. It powers all systems when the main engine is turned off. Transmission was upgraded for better durability. It is worth noting that this tank is quiet in operation.
This main battle tank can be airlifted by a C-5 Galaxy or C-17 Globemaster III military transport aircraft.


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